Title(s): Shams ud Din, Shaheed -e- Awwal
belonged to a area of South Lebanon, Jabl -e- Amil, Where in 724 Hijra, in a small village Jazeem, he borned, and on 9th Jamad ul Awwal, Thursday 786 Hijra, He was martyred in Damascus at the age of 52 years. This age was considered the starting age of learning for the Scholars who are Mujtahid -o- Maraji' and at such short age He taught and prepared nearly a thousand of Mujtahids.
Just like Allama Hilli's family, His family was one of those blessed families which had most members of the family learned to the level of Itjihad (Evaluation of the solutions of the jurisprudential cases). It is apprehended with certinity that even women of his family were learned enough to do Ijtihad. Another reason behind the true and strong faith of the followers of the Muhammad and his holy progeny, of Lebanon was that the foundation was laid by the Great Companion of Holy Prophet Muhammad, Hazrat Abu Zar -e- Ghaffari. He was sent to Syria (Shaam) from Madina, because the Caliphs were uneasy with his preaching of the Love of AhleBait (Family of Prophet Muhammad). In short period of time, people of Lebanon become ardent followers of AhleBait and due to that Ruler os Shaam was afraid of rebellion from them, so He shifted Abu Zar -e- Ghaffari from there to central Syria (Shaam). Story of Lebanon is long enough so I'm truncating its history.
He is called Shaheed -e- Awwal, because He was the most prominent martyr after the short Era of Peace for the followers of Muhammad and his holy progeny, which came after Allama Hilliconvinced the Emperor of Iran, Shah Khudabanda, to the Right Path (Mazhab -e- Haqqa).After his elementary education, for getting his further education, He moved to Hilla, as Hilla was then the central school of education of jurispurudence of the Lovers and Followers of Aaley Muhammad (Muhammad's Holy Progeny). And Allama Hilli was the Marjae' of that time and most prominent Marjae' of the Hilla and was also the Wali Faqih (Supreme Leader) of the Shi'a of the World. He then visited the Holy Shrines of the Masumeens (infallibles).After then when He finally prepared his mind to start his further education, He found that Allama Hilli's funeral was in processing, and Allama Hilli's funeral was going to Najaf -e- Ashraf. He then joined the funeral and went to Najaf and then came back to Hilla.
After Allama Hilli his son Muhammad Fakhrul Muhaqqiqeen was the next most prominent Marjae' and the Wali Faqih, He (Fakhrul Muhaqqiqeen) is one of his kind scholar who acquired the position of Mujtahid (one who has authority of doing Ijtihad) before hitting his puberty. He took his father's position in such a way that his absence wasn't felt that much.Fakhrul Muhaqqiqeen allowed Shaheed -e- Awwal to become a Mujtahid, when Shaheed -e- Awwal was 17 years of Age. After that He started to shine like a bright star after this age and proving eminence in field of knowledge and jurisprudence. Shaheed -e- Awwal is also renowned for being the Mujaddid of the 8th Century of the Hijra Based Calender.
Shaheed -e- Awwal's most prominent book LUMMA' is since after it was written to the date is standard, and no one can become a Mujtahid without reading and understanding his book LUMMA', which He wrote while in prison and waiting for execution of his life, in a short period of 7 days he wrote this book LUMMA' while having no access to anyother book except one brief book of few pages ( Muhaqqiq -e- Hilli's book Mukhtasir un Nafey). Scholars say that, even copying this book LUMMA' isn't possible in one week, while astonishingly He wrote such a book.In his short age of 52 years, He prepared a thousand persons as Mujtahid -e- Islaam. Other than LUMMA' he wrote many other magnificent books like, Duroos, Zikra, Bayaan, Qawa'id, Al-Fi'a (which is comprised of one thousand obligations of Salaat/Namaz), Ghafliya (which is compised of three thousand recommendations of Salaat/Namaz).
He was skinny and bit weak physique. He had no hairs on his head, reason behind is was that, while acquiring knowledge of jurisprudence he used to study 20 and 22 hours in a day, while studying he used to feel extremely sleepy. To get rid of sleepiness he used to keep a red-hot copper slab with him, when he felt sleepy he used to burn his head with that hot copper slab, which for sometime use to get him rid of sleep but caused him physical damage and all of his hairs got burned.
He was one of those few people who, let alone disgust/avoidable (makrooh) and unlawful (haraam) acts, he didn't even use to commit allowed acts. He only bounded himself doingWajibaats (Obligatory acts) and Mustahibaats (Recommended acts). He was also a famous poet of his time.After completing his knowledge of Jurisprudence as of Fiqh -e- Aaley Muhammad or which's also known as Fiqh -e- Jafariyah, He then went to Scholars of Fiqahs (Schools of Thoughts) of General Muslims which compromised of Four different Fiqhs founded by Four different Imams of Ahle Sunnat wal Jama'at. He acquired and mastered the Fiqhs of Maliki, Hanafi, Shafa'ai and Hanbali after being in scholarship of 40 different Scholars of Ahle Sunnah. And he studied and mastered the chief books of Ahle Sunnah which includes, Sahih Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Jamia Tirmizi, Musnad -e- Abu Daud, Musnad -e- Ibne Maja, Musnad -e- Ahmad Ibne Hanbal, Muwatta -e- Imam -e- Malik, Mustadrik -e- Hakim, and many other different books and he was allowed by the Scholars of Ahle Sunnah that he can teach and preach accordingly.
After that He came back to his homeland. And then he started serving the Muslims Ummah and he started to become famous in Shaam's capital Damascus. He was respected by all the Muslims. His wife, Umme Ali, was also a very learned Women and was a Mujtahida. His three sons: Abu Talib Muhammad, Abul Qasim Ali and Abu Mansur Hasan, all three of them were Mujtahids as well. His two daughters were both Mujtahida, elder of the two daughters namely Fatimah was given a title of Sayyida tul Mashaiq.
Due to his popularity among the Muslims, other scholars of Fiqh Maliki, Shaf'ai and others felt jealousy towards him. And his good terms with the Sultan -e- Khurasan (Emperor of Iran), even the government of Shaam was afraid that, like Allama Hilli, Shams ud Din Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ibne Jamal ud Din Amili, don't bring revolution in Shaam. Government plotted against him by passing fatwas (rulings) against Shaheed -e- Awwal, and blamed him of Shirk & Nuseriyat, and took false witnesses from 70 murtads (diverts) cunningly against Shaheed -e- Awwal and the prominent Scholars of Maliki and Shafa'i Fiqh passed the Fatwas against him, He was then kept in prison for a year. While he was in prison He recieved letter from the Sultan -e- Khurasan to come to Iran, but as He was in prison he couldn't but then he wrote the book LUMMA' for the scholars in Iran.He was then brutally martyred. There are two different reports regarding this martyrdom. One report says that his both legs were tied with two different camels and both were made to run in opposite directions, in this way his body was torn into two pieces and then was burned. Another reports says that He was wounded by sword, then was hunged over a tree and his hands and legs were nailed into the tree then he was showered with arrows and stones, then he was burned. That is the reasons that apparently his grave/shrine is not present anywhere.
Salutions to his Soul and May Allah raise rank of this pious Martyr.
I wrote this introduction to Shaheed -e- Awwal while listening to Maulana Sadiq Hasan on the Topic of Halaat -e- Ulama.
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